What to Feed Your Cat: A Complete Nutrition Guide

Your cat isn't just picky — they're actually an obligate carnivore with very specific nutritional needs. Understanding what goes into their bowl can mean the difference between a thriving feline and one with health issues down the road.

Why Cat Nutrition Is Different from Dogs

Here's something that surprises many pet owners: cats cannot be vegetarians. Unlike dogs (and humans), cats require nutrients found only in animal tissue. Their bodies simply can't produce certain essential compounds on their own.

Key nutrients cats must get from meat:

• Taurine — Essential for heart and eye health
• Arachidonic acid — A fatty acid vital for skin and coat
• Vitamin A (preformed) — Cats can't convert beta-carotene like dogs can
• Vitamin B12 — Critical for nervous system function

Types of Cat Food

Dry Kibble

Pros: Convenient, affordable, can help with dental health Cons: Lower moisture content, some cats find it less appealing

Dry food typically contains 6-10% moisture. Since cats evolved from desert animals, they have a low thirst drive and may not drink enough water to compensate.

Wet/Canned Food

Pros: High moisture content (75-80%), highly palatable, easier for older cats Cons: More expensive, spoils quickly once opened

Many veterinarians recommend incorporating wet food into your cat's diet, especially for cats prone to urinary issues.

Raw Diet

Pros: Closest to natural diet, can improve coat condition Cons: Risk of bacterial contamination, difficult to balance properly, expensive

If you're considering raw feeding, consult with a veterinary nutritionist first.

Reading Cat Food Labels

When scanning that ingredient list, here's what to look for:

Green flags:

• Named protein source first (chicken, salmon, turkey — not "meat")
• AAFCO statement for the appropriate life stage
• Minimal fillers and by-products

Red flags:

• Vague terms like "meat meal" or "animal digest"
• Corn, wheat, or soy as first ingredients
• Artificial colors (your cat doesn't care if their food is orange)
• Excessive carbohydrates

Life Stage Nutrition

Kittens (0-12 months)

Growing kittens need more calories, protein, and fat than adult cats. Look for food specifically formulated for kittens or "all life stages."

Adult Cats (1-7 years)

Maintain a consistent, balanced diet. Monitor weight closely — indoor cats especially are prone to obesity.

Senior Cats (7+ years)

Older cats may need:

• Easier-to-digest proteins
• Joint-supporting supplements
• More frequent, smaller meals
• Adjusted calorie intake based on activity level

How Much Should You Feed Your Cat?

The feeding guidelines on cat food packages are just starting points. Every cat is different. Consider:

• Body condition — Can you feel (but not see) their ribs?
• Activity level — Indoor vs. outdoor, playful vs. sedentary
• Health status — Certain conditions require dietary adjustments
• Age and metabolism

Most adult cats do well with 2-3 meals per day rather than free-feeding, which can lead to overeating.

Foods That Are Toxic to Cats

Keep these away from your feline friend:

• Onions and garlic — Can cause anemia
• Chocolate — Contains theobromine, toxic to cats
• Grapes and raisins — Can cause kidney failure
• Alcohol — Even small amounts are dangerous
• Caffeine — Found in coffee, tea, and energy drinks
• Raw eggs — Risk of salmonella and biotin deficiency
• Xylitol — Artificial sweetener found in many products

Hydration Matters

Cats often don't drink enough water. Encourage hydration by:

• Placing multiple water bowls around the house
• Using a cat water fountain (many cats prefer running water)
• Incorporating wet food into their diet
• Keeping water fresh and clean daily

When to Consult Your Vet

Schedule a nutrition consultation if your cat:

• Is gaining or losing weight unexpectedly
• Has digestive issues (vomiting, diarrhea)
• Shows changes in appetite or eating habits
• Has been diagnosed with a health condition
• Is transitioning to a new life stage

Your cat's diet is one of the most important decisions you make for their health. Take the time to understand their unique needs, and you'll have a healthier, happier companion for years to come.

Sources

• Cornell Feline Health Center - Feeding Your Cat
• ASPCA - Cat Nutrition Tips
• AVMA - Your Pet's Healthy Weight
• VCA Hospitals - Nutrition Feeding Guidelines for Cats
• ASPCA - People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets

This article is for educational purposes and does not replace professional veterinary consultation.